effect on investment in training, but substantially reduce investment in physical capital. …

This paper analyses the evolution and policy drivers of the productivity of farmers' human capital in EU agriculture … Analysis with variable returns to scale, and related to a Malmquist index of total factor productivity and to selected policy …

when spending on investment is best done by the government itself, and when public funds should be used to support … investment by the private sector. A key concept in this issue is the degree of external benefits, or spillovers, of investment …. These notions refer to the fact that sometimes a certain action by an economic agent results indirectly in productivity …