The EU's central task is to improve the lives that European citizens are able to live. This mission is embedded in the EU's commitment to enhance the functioning of the internal market on the basis of the assumption that market exchanges form the primary mechanisms through which individuals...

This article concerns the validity of six canonical rules that institutional review boards use to constrain the behavior of investigators. These rules require investigators to design their studies in a scientifically valid way, not pay their subjects to take risks, minimize risks to their...