Why do tax rates vary so much across countries? We study the role of altruism and ethnic fragmentation in …. Social identification directs voters' altruism toward specific social groups. We identify three main factors that lead to low … levels of redistribution and tax rates in the political equilibrium: (i) in-group altruism of the rich voters|which we refer …

Pathological altruism is a construct describing the willingness of an individual to place the needs of others above him …. Codependency can be viewed as a form of pathological altruism. The study of codependency has been hampered by limited agreement as … affect. This chapter will review the concept of codependency, comment on its roots in empathy and altruism, explore its …