Discussions about the banking union have restarted. Its success so far is limited: national banking sectors are still overwhelmingly exposed to their own countries’ economies, cross border banking has not increased and capital and liquidity remain locked within national boundaries. The policy...

There is much discussion today about a possible digital euro (PDE). Is this attention exaggerated? Are "central bank digital currencies" (CBDCs) "a solution in search of a problem", as some have argued? This article summarizes the main facts about the PDE and concludes that, if the decision on...

Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; Introduction; Part 1 Macroeconometric evidence on the transmission mechanism in the euro area; Part 2 Firms' investment and monetary policy: evidence from micro economic data; Part 3 The role of...