Post-World War II, much of international law and comparative law has been directed to the question of securing human rights. As rights jurisprudence developed, so too did a focus on national and international courts as the source of the basic guarantees owed to citizens by all states. As a...

The European Union has combined a belief in institutional engineering with the experience that comprehensive reform is difficult to achieve. The long-term development has been in a consistent direction. Yet, the history of the Union is one of founding acts and deliberate institution-building, as...

The European Union began with efforts in the Cold War era to foster economic integration among a few Western European countries. Today’s EU constitutes an upper tier of government that affects almost every level of policymaking in each of its twenty-seven member states. The recent financial...