effectiveness and efficiency of national and European innovation policies. Building on the literature on the knowledge production … regions. Our main research question is whether geographical proximity and social capital are important vehicles of knowledge …

The diffusion of knowledge in the world generates positive externalities if knowledge flows increase the productivity … of R&D. Our work analyzes knowledge diffusion and knowledge externalities in generating innovation and in determining … productivity. We first estimate the determinants of knowledge flows across 141 sub-national regions in 19 countries of Europe and …