economic agents' inflation expectations. Real marginal costs are proxied by three different measures. The results suggest that … OECD inflation forecasts perform relatively well as a proxy for inflation expectations in the euro area, since under this … approach the European inflation process can be modeled using the forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips curve. However …

household and expert inflation expectations in five core European economies (France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and Spain … in high inflation countries are using higher best fitting constant gain parameters than those in low inflation countries … frequently than households. Furthermore, household expectations in the Euro Area have not converged to the inflation goal of the …