Due to a number of structural market shifts, a new context for European gas regulation has arisen. In this new context …, regulation must ensure adequate investments in a gas market that is dominated by producers, where political considerations are … with the old situation where a main emphasis for regulation was to sweat existing assets. This chapter's main question is …

electricity and gas regulation. Since July 1, 2004 the electricity sector in the European Union has been regulated in accordance … regulations based on the concept of public service. Thus, according to the Directive, electricity regulation is carried out on the …; environmental protection. The similar Directive 2003/55/EC is devoted to the regulation of the gas market. Another Directive of the …