The form and dynamic of wages and salaries are crucial to the shaping of industrial societies. Wage relations are regulated by states both to benefit their economies and to achieve a specific form of freedom, equity and justice. Though there are signs of a common dynamic, wage relations...

While the literature on the incidence and wage effects of over-education is substantial, specific results for doctoral graduates are surprisingly scarce. This article aims to fill this gap, not only by measuring the prevalence of over-educated PhD holders in Europe (i.e. in EU Member States and...

While the literature on the incidence and wage effects of over-education is substantial, specific results for doctoral graduates are surprisingly scarce. This article aims to fill this gap, not only by measuring the prevalence of over-educated PhD holders in Europe (i.e. in EU Member States and...

"On the 25th January 2015, the Greek people voted in an election of historic importance--not just for Greece but potentially all of Europe. The radical party Syriza was elected and austerity and the neoliberal agenda challenged. Suddenly it seems as if there is an alternative. But what? The...

The paper questions the predominant view on unemployment and wages in the European Union according to which high unemployment is primarily caused by labour market rigidities, i.e. social institutions and regulations which prevent market-clearingʺ real wage levels and structures. It is shown...