contribute to the gender wage gap, and how institutional elements - especially family policies - affect this relationship. Our … analysis is based on a decomposition that reveals what portion of the gender wage gap may be attributed to: (1) the motherhood … wage penalty, (2) the fatherhood wage premium, and (3) the gender wage gap among childless individuals. Our findings …

There are considerable differences in gender unemployment gaps across the EU. We use labor force survey data on 21 … countries to perform a series of data decompositions and show that the cross-country variation in gender unemployment gaps is … permanently withdraw from the labor force after childbirth, the size of gender differences in unemployment strongly correlates …