This paper examines the effect of teacher gender on student achievement in 20 European countries. We employ a student … higher for women than for men. Having a teacher of the same gender also benefits students in Western Europe. We further find …

contribute to the gender wage gap, and how institutional elements - especially family policies - affect this relationship. Our … analysis is based on a decomposition that reveals what portion of the gender wage gap may be attributed to: (1) the motherhood … wage penalty, (2) the fatherhood wage premium, and (3) the gender wage gap among childless individuals. Our findings …