In this paper a new instrument for monetary policy shocks is presented. Exogenous variation of the policy rate may come from frictions of collective decision-making. Dissenting votes indicate how far the final decision of the decision making body is from the mean of the members' individually...

1. Introduction -- 2. The intangible economy -- 3. Patent information and corporate credit ratings : an empirical study of patent valuation by credit rating agencies -- 4. IPR management and company valuation in the pharmaceutical industry : an exploratory study -- 5. IPR management, corporate...