Despite notable improvements in the labour market since 2013, wage growth in the euro area was subdued and substantially overpredicted in 2013-17. This paper summarises the findings of an ESCB expert group on the reasons for low wage growth and provides comparable analyses on wage developments...

The purpose of the paper is to survey and discuss inflation targeting in the context of monetary policy rules. The paper provides a general conceptual discussion of monetary policy rules, attempts to clarify the essential characteristics of inflation targeting, compares inflation targeting to...

Benchmarking analysis facilitates the formulation of competitiveness and innovation strategies. It also helps in the monitoring and assessment of the initiatives that have taken place. The aim of this work is to provide an instrument to facilitate the development of the three stages that...