, and indirect network effects, between members of distinct groups. Network effects may simultaneously reduce competition …

lower sanctions imposed by competition authorities, especially for large cartels. By that, the paper sheds new light on two …

normative assessment. R&D agreements have a much smaller effect on later competition in the product market if they serve as a … clearing an R&D agreement can be beneficial since it removes the additional collusion incentive resulting from fear that … risk of collusion in the product market if products are substitutes, if capacity cannot immediately be extended, if market …

States. The EU itself, notably in competition law enforcement, needs to approach trade secret protection more consistently …

Competition law accommodates two different contexts within which economics may be applied, each defined by a distinct … type of cause-effect relationships. First, there are effects of competition law on business conduct (deterrence effects … effects is Economic Analysis of Law. Second, there are effects of business conduct on competition (competitive effects …

This paper looks at whether the standard unilateral effects model can be applied to non-price competition parameters … such as innovation. This question arises because competition authorities are intervening in horizontal mergers that are … found to give rise to a “significant impediment to effective innovation competition” (“SIEIC”) as a result of a reduction in …

This paper deals with access to the file in competition proceedings conducted by the European Commission for the …

-determined, general standard (e.g., reasonableness, competition on the merits, efficiency, fairness, equity, etc.). As will be seen below …

Setting Organizations’ (“SSOs”) rate setting policies would prevail under the European Union (“EU”) competition rules. Recent … EU competition case-law has promoted a very hard line in the area of coordinated conduct. Cases such as Dole Food Company … Food Company), episodic collusion (T-Mobile) and horizontal agreements with limited market coverage (Expedia). Those …