unemployment insurance, and active labor market policies. This model has coped with the Great Recession and the Covid-19 pandemic …, avoiding large increases in long-term and structural unemployment. The recovery from Covid-19 alongside re-openings has been … responded-with some lag-to unemployment. …

, generous unemployment insurance, and active labor market policies. Despite a sharp and prolonged decline in employment in the … unemployment. Most unemployment spells were short, muting the effects on long-term and youth unemployment. Recent reforms boosted …

, generous unemployment insurance, and active labor market policies. Despite a sharp and prolonged decline in employment in the … unemployment from increasing. While many have been affected by unemployment, most unemployment spells have been short, which has … muted the effects on long-term and youth unemployment. Recent years have seen a sequence of reforms to boost labor supply …

expansionary demand shock and to an inflationary supply shock under the Taylor rule, asymmetric unemployment targeting, and average … inflation targeting. For each rule we distinguish between cases with zero weight on the unemployment gap and a negative response … to rising unemployment. Across all rules, responding to unemployment leads to lower losses of employment and higher …