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Programs Cosme (Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises) and Horizon 2020 have been introduced officially in 2014. These programs replaced the former Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (CIP) for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and 7th...
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individual member states, affects the business models of European publishers. In addition, the activities of authors and … publishers is influenced by the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Therefore, EU institutions …‑of‑commerce works or confirm the right to fair compensation for publishers. A separate issue remains e‑lending, which is related to the …
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This paper argues that success in the struggle for regional integration hinges foremost on the degree of heterogeneity among regional states. Regional organizations therefore must consider how to optimize their leverage to forge convergence that will foster agreement and cooperation. To do so,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011283436
In this work, we analyzed the export- biased productivity, wage growth and the ULCP in Turkey. Then, by using input- output methods , we could show that Turkey has an economy which is able to be a part of the Euro system and Euro is compatible under the export- biased productivity growth in...
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This paper discusses the process of European institutional integration from a political-economy perspective, linking the long-standing political debate on the nature of the European project to the recent economic literature on political integration and disintegration. First, we introduce the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010492330