paper sets out to link the larger question of justice to one of justification and ultimately that of proportionality in AFSJ …

The ruling of the German Federal Constitutional Court and its call for conducting and communicating proportionality … strengthen the de-facto independence of the European Central Bank. The authors shows how a regular proportionality check could be …

consistent approach to regulatory impact assessment, analysing trends and risks, proportionality, and supervision, ensuring the …

Union (CJEU) had acted beyond their mandates because they did not apply strong proportionality standards to the ECB’s Public … struggles between European and national constitutional law. The different readings of proportionality are difficult to bridge …

preliminary ruling and admonished the German parliament and government to “work towards a proportionality analysis by the ECB” in …