French taxpayer. In the aftermath of the devaluation of the Franc CFA in 1994, and of the peg of the currency to the Euro in …, as the CFA - Zone never fulfilled the most crucial preconditions of an optimal currency area. The peg to the EMU …

economic variables determine a given country’s currency bloc affiliation. The dollar bloc differs from the euro bloc in that …

recent major crises, of the legal framework governing the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), as well as current … of the EMU.The following Section II (“The Impact of the Three Major Crises During the Period 2007-2021”) develops on how … the (2007-2009) Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the subsequent fiscal crisis in the euro area and the most recent pandemic …

The euro is the second most important global currency after the US dollar. However, its international role has not … increased since its inception in 1999. The private sector prefers using the US dollar rather than the euro because the financial … the attractiveness of the euro outside the euro area requires, among others, a proactive role for the European Central …

Austria, Finland and Sweden became members of the EU in 1995. This paper examines how support for the euro and trust in …. Support for the euro in the two euroarea members Austria and Finland has remained high and relatively stable since the … physical introduction of the new currency nearly 20 years ago, while the euro crisis significantly reduced support for the euro …

the EMU, in no case should cutbacks be made for small countries concerning the stability requirements. -- Euro ; European …This paper deals with the question of what impact membership of the European Monetary Union (EMU) has had on small … European states. We will also analyze whether or to what extent a large number of small member states affect the EMU itself …

The aim of the euro was to speed up the integration process and economic development in Europe. History of euro showed … research showed that Europe have not been and is even not today the optimal currency area. The architecture of the EMU was … states. Therefore common interests in euro area were not enough protected. Last global financial and economic crisis showed …

The Euro zone debt crisis has indeed jeopardized the recovery plans put in place post global crisis by regulators …