It is commonly known that the provision of services is currently carried out at a global level. Tertiary activities not only continuously increase their share in total employment and value added, but also in international trade and, as a consequence, in the processes of externationalisation and...

The aim of this study is to analyse the development of new industrial specialisations and the process of export diversification both at the country and the regional level for the EU countries over time. It examines to what extent these processes show path dependent properties, whether persistent...

Trade theory and economic geography suggest that the removal of trade barriers is likely to bring about more economic specialisation and potentially more diverse development paths between countries and regions. Thus, the deepening and extending European integration should be accompanied by an...