, new policies must not compromise socio-economic development in low-income countries, especially in Africa, as stated in …, environmentally motivated changes of CAP policies in the EU and Africa. Our findings suggest that EU production levels of meat would … change with a stronger environmental focus of the CAP. These changes reduce the EU's share in agri-trade flows to Africa …

In the last decades the number of refugees from conflict regions in Africa increased dramatically. West Africa is the … cradle of migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe, were most African migrants with overseas destinations live. The … contributed to Africa's growing economic misery, due to the damaging effects of European selfish external trade policy …

When asked why the level of intra-regional trade in West Africa is low despite regional integration efforts, the … of trade flows in West Africa over the period from 1996 to 2018. Using a gravity model, the study shows that … that institutional reforms and harmonization in West Africa are required. …

West-Africa and West-Europe is investigated for which the main objective is to minimize the trade route's supply chain … outbound leg (Africa-Europe), while several ports in the E.U. and the U.K. are selected as inbound leg. The analysis is …