This paper analyses the Nairu in the Euro Area and the influence that hysteresis had on its development. Using the … is applied here using explicit exogenous variables. In order to test for hysteresis, the dependence of the Nairu on … respectively. The existence of hysteresis effects implies the possibility of a long-run non-superneutrality of monetary policy. …

evidence of the importance of sunk costs and hysteresis in international trade. …

We argue that, under certain conditions described by a sunk cost hysteresis model, firms consider exports as a … evidence of the importance of sunk costs and hysteresis in international trade in these EMU member countries. What is more, our … and Portugal) the results underscore the empirical validity of the export hysteresis under uncertainty model. …

We argue that, under certain conditions described by a sunk cost hysteresis model, firms consider exports as a … and hysteresis in international trade between the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). What is more … (Italy, Greece, and Portugal) the results underscore the empirical validity of the export hysteresis under uncertainty model. …

output for the Euro area, the United States, Sweden, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Particular attention is paid to time …