Diffusion of low-energy houses is an important part of energy and climate policy in the European Union (EU) and in individual EU countries. Key barriers to the adoption of low-energy houses include additional construction costs and uncertainty surrounding actual energy and cost savings. In this...

The approval of residential development is a critical tool that cities have for extending access to affordable housing. We link access to housing with municipal actions that enable or restrict residential development. Using municipal-level data, we examine the municipal approval of residential...