A number of studies have concluded that, contrary to expectations, European monetary union has not reduced income disparities among the 12 Western European member countries. In fact, incomes per capita between Southern and Northern Eurozone members have diverged since the Eurozone was created,...

The European Marriage Pattern (EMP), in place in NW Europe for perhaps 500 years, substantially limited fertility. But how could such limitation persist when some individuals who deviated from the EMP norm had more children? If their children inherited their deviant behaviors, their descendants...

Many studies have focused on spatial patterns in economic growth. For the case of Europe, these studies have indicated that growth is spatially dependent and that clustering as well as de-clustering are parts of economic development processes. The distribution dynamics approach has revealed...