History -- West european economic integration since 1950 (Nicholas Crafts) -- The history of European Economic and Monetary Union (Harold James) -- History of economic thought and policy-making at the European Commission (Ivo Maes) -- The single market and the euro -- The economics of the single...

Intellectual property rights are commonly defined as exclusive rights in the sense that they vest only some people, usually creators or inventors, with the exclusive right to dispose of their intellectual works. Such a definition, however, is often misunderstood and IPRs are intended as a sort...

The European Patent System is facing major challenges resulting from an extension of patentable subject matter leading to an increasing number of patent applications. The European Patent Office has responded with admirable flexibility, but continuing technological change and greater importance...