shows that growing import competition from China differentially reduced earnings and employment rates for workers in more … largest for lower-skilled individuals. We show that domestic manufacturing employment declined much more in countries that saw …

formal economy can be permeated by informal practices, a so far little discussed employment arrangement is here brought to … average to two fifthsof their wage packet. However, this employment practice is not evenly distributed across the EU. Such … quasi-formal employment is markedly more prevalent in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE),where the undeclared wage is more …