Drinking water plays an important role in the life of living organisms, including humans. Among the indicators that are used to determine the suitability of water for drinking is its hardness. The water hardness index is calculated by the presence of Ca2+and Mg2+salts in it. Athigh...

The present paper studies the land use change impacts of fuels and biofuels. We test the theoretical hypothesis, which says that changes in fuel prices cause changes in land use both directly and indirectly and, because of price inter-dependencies, biofuels reinforce the land use change impacts....

The goal of this technical paper is to present in a transparent way a detailed description of the DART-BIO model - the bioeconomy and land use version of the DART model. Key feature of the DART-BIO model is the explicit representation of the vegetable oil industry and the biofuel sector. The...