In the present paper an empirical analysis will point out that austerity measures due to high levels of government debt as a percentage of GDP have (among others) a positive impact on social unrest measured by the number of strikes. The empirical findings of the present paper support the view of...

In the present paper an empirical analysis will point out that government debt as a percentage of GDP has a negative impact (among others) on banking profitability. This impact will be even worse when this debt as a percentage of GDP exceeds a certain critical level. The sample covers during the...

In the present paper it will be pointed out with a panel data econometric model that there is a trade-off between government debt to GDP and the household debt to total household income. The estimation of the model is made feasible through the Eviews software package. This finding can be of use...

In the present paper it will be pointed out with a panel data econometric model that government debt puts banking sector at stake since the volume of not performing loans goes up. The estimation of the model is made feasible through the Eviews software package. The present paper is based on...

In the present paper it is pointed out that government debt is an obstacle to economic growth. To my belief, the remedy to this problem is to encourage consumption and not to impose taxes onto the consumers. Because, any decrease in their wages and salaries for temporary budgetary purposes, will...

In the present paper it will be pointed out that consumption tax rate has a negative impact on consumption. Hence, according to the consumption-led-growth theory, economic growth will be hindered. The panel data sample covers for the period 1995-2007 many European countries, and the econometric...

The paper first outlines the challenges the global energy system is facing. It then summarises the present knowledge of energy efficient solutions in all energy using sectors from primary energy to useful energy and, more importantly, from useful energy to energy services (material efficiency...

This paper studies the impacts on Western European CO2 emissions of a reduction in Norwegian gas sales. Such impacts are due to changes in energy demand, energy supply, and environmental and political regulations. The gas supply model DYNOPOLY is used to analyse the effects on Russian and...

In the course of the crisis in the Ukraine, most leading politicians in Eastern European countries, such as Poland, the Baltic States and Ukraine itself, identified the high dependency on natural gas imports from Russia as a threat to energy security. Hopes of independence through extraction of...

The EU Emissions trading system is the first and most popular carbon market that allows the trading of evidence that the EU ETS framework has reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions using different models. However, have these emissions reduced industry-wide or simply reallocated over time? This...