than offline. Online demand is more price-elastic. We compute consumers' welfare effects for different scenarios. E … observed average price would further increase welfare by 0.02% of GDP. …

More than a decade after the proclamation of consumer welfare as a goal of EU competition law, a fundamental question … remains unanswered: namely, what is the content of the EU consumer welfare standard? What types of benefits and harms count … respectively as welfare and as harm? Whose harm and whose benefit is included in the definition? Few answers have been available to …

competition law and consumer law considering their shared objective of accomplishing ‘consumer welfare’. The significance of this …