The dynamic and the structure of the economy determine the effects of political economy shocks, fiscal and monetary policy. Based on a DSGE model and stylized facts for small open economy, we evaluate the effects of fiscal consumption tax shocks on the presence of two fiscal rules in the periods...

The paper compares the boom-and-bust cycles in Japan and Europe with respect to the reasons for excessive booms, the characteristics of the crises, and the (potential) effects of the crisis therapies. As in Japan the consequence of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies is the hysteresis of...

The recession in India and the UK peaked in 2017 due to the implications of new policy initiatives. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 intensified the crisis, causing a drastic decline in aggregate demand and output. India and the UK have resorted to monetary and...