Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic … perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of …

for adverse effects of regulatory heterogeneity on intra-EU trade in the pre-harmonization period, which questions the …

international standards in RTAs, and focus on the extent to which RTAs have assimilated the WTO TBT principles for development of … international standards (the Six Principles), arguably the most important decision taken by the TBT Committee over last 20-plus …

, animals or the global environment. Such trade policy instruments aim to force higher standards in the import market and to …Eight multilateral rounds of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and international … agreements under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have contributed significantly to the reduction of tariffs among WTO members …

, plant life or the environment. Such trade policy instruments may lead to higher standards in the import market, in addition …Eight multilateral rounds of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and international … agreements under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have contributed significantly to the reduction of tariffs among WTO members …

-tariff measures (NTMs), such as technological measures, standards, and intellectual property rights, as a means of strategic trade … Standards and Regulations (FMVSS) gives a good example of using standards as trade barriers. In most countries, vehicles are …Since the fostering of trade liberalization in the 1990s, conventional trade barriers, such as tariffs, have been …

economy, because of favorable trade diversion effects. Second, simultaneous tariff increases between the US and CH and between …-CH trade tensions are negligible if the ELB is not binding, while they become negative if the ELB binds …

This paper estimates the costs of EU restraints on trade in textiles and clothing. After explaining the methods used …, we examine the impact of an opening up of EU trade in textiles and clothing, inter alia to those economies where the …