For a long time considered as technologically mature, electric systems are now facing a period of rapid changes. The advent of smart grids, smart meters and electromobility is creating new challenges not only in terms of technological innovation but also in terms of economic and technical...

In this paper we analyse the current trend towards a higher degree of market integration in Europe and identify those aspects that are particularly relevant for Italy. The Italian involvement in this process appears comparatively modest: contributions from policy makers, practitioners and...

This paper tests directly a geography and growth model using regional data for Europe, the US, and Japan during different time periods. We set up a standard geography and growth model with a poverty trap and derive a log-linearized growth equation that corresponds directly to a threshold...