Robust weak form efficiency tests are conducted to examine market efficiency in two pan-European indices; the large capitalisation EuroStoxx 50 and the small capitalisation EuroStoxx Small from January 2000 to March 2012. Applying the non-parametric Belaire-Franch and Opong (2005) multiple...

This note provides extensive evidence on the persistence properties of real GDP in 17 European countries and in the US over the period 1960-2023 using a fractional integration framework. The analysis suggests that in all cases shocks have permanent effects on the level of real GDP. This is...