development and international trade openness with regard to the size of the underground economy in 20 EU (European Union … sector development and trade openness on the size of the underground economy. In addition to the static relationship … between the variables. The main findings of this paper suggest that financial development has a significant impact on the size …

' cash holdings, the volume of transactions and the size of the shadow economy irrespective of country size for all euro area …

the differences in the size of cross-country shadow economy becomes more of an issue for designing and implementing the … the size of the shadow economy in the European Union transition economies employing panel data analysis for the period of … 2000–2015. The empirical analysis indicates that economic freedom reduces the size of the shadow economy in the long term …

This paper examines the drivers, and reestimates the size of shadow economies in Europe, with a focus on the emerging … economies, and recommends policies to increase formality. The size of shadow economies declined across Europe in recent years … economy size are regulatory quality, government effectiveness, and human capital. The paper argues that a comprehensive …

net issues and the size of the shadow economy only for medium notes. And this result seems to be driven by the smaller …