We use an empirical gravity equation approach to study how nonreciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs), enacted mainly through the Generalized System of Preferences, affect the exports of the beneficiary nations. In line with existing studies, the average trade effect stemming from nonreciprocal...

This study introduces a new dataset of bilateral value added trade costs for the goods and services sectors, based on a measure derived from the micro-founded gravity model and using data from the OECD-WTO TiVA database. This is the first study to calculate value added trade costs for a set of...

This paper explores export competitiveness from the perspectives of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) initiated by Balassa (1965) using trade statistics between 2010 and 2015 under HS code. It is to examine which commodities or industries Myanmar has gained RCA in over 6 years and how these...

Bulgaria follows a currency board tied to the euro and we find that multi-product firms (MPFs) specializing only in Non-EU markets absorb exchange rate movements relatively more in their export volume than in their prices of every variety. Such effects can be however offset by cannibalization...

Many different approaches have developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements (FTAs). Moving on from models using simple dummy variables, today a range of databases can capture different aspects of NTMs and FTAs. Some assess the depth of FTAs by extracting...

Starting in the 1960s with the Kennedy Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), nontariff measures (NTMs) have been replacing tariffs continuously as the core element of trade negotiations. Today they take centre stage in all EU trade agreements with industrialised and...

This paper models the trade creating and trade diverting effects of the COMESA free trade agreement (FTA) and MERCOSUR over time using several theoretically consistent gravity equations. The extensive sector-specific TradeProd panel data set from 1980 to 2006 is employed throughout. From the...

The European Union (EU) supports developing countries with a unilateral trade preference scheme. The scheme underwent a major reform in 2014, in which many countries lost access to reduced tariff rates. We analyse how this radical step that removed preferences from 103 countries by 2018 fits...

Theoretical literature states that intra-industry trade (IIT) should be divided into horizontal and vertical flows (or trade in products with homogeneous and heterogeneous quality) that are influenced by different factors. Yet, the economists are still not sure about the proportion between...