The maritime transport sector (henceforth shipping sector) can be seen as the backbone of globalization since it transports 80% of the merchandise traded internationally (UNCTAD, 2008). It transported about 8.4 billion tons of merchandise throughout the world in 2010 (UNCTAD, 2011). Needless to...

On the basis of a joint economic and legal analysis, we evaluate the effects of a “regional” (European) emission trading scheme aiming at reducing emissions of international shipping. The focus lies on the question which share of emissions from maritime transport activities to and from the...

Marine activities in seaports account for circa 3% of total carbon emissions worldwide, prompting several initiatives to decarbonise their energy systems and make seaports smarter and greener. This paper provides a thorough and authoritative review of the vast array of research in this field,...