This paper aims to show the impact of financial variables on the process of convergence between selected European Union and Balkan countries. Indeed, after a delay in the realization of structural changes – result of historical legacy and circumstances in which the transition process took...

Considering the role of research and development in increasing knowledge with creative work, in this study, we analyse the link between research and development expenditures in several performance sectors (business, government, higher education) and indicators regarding the protection of...

This paper analyses the short- and long-run effects of trade openness on financial development in a panel including data on 35 European countries over the period 2001-2019. For this purpose, it uses the PMG (pooled mean group) estimator for dynamic panels developed by Pesaran et al. (1999). The...

Introduction -- The Role of Banks in Financial Integration: Some New Theory and Evidence from New EU Members -- Interdependence Between Foreign Exchange Markets and Stock Markets in Selected European Countries -- The Transatlantic Banking Crisis: Lessons, EU Reforms and G20 Issues -- Financial...

Addressing climate change through mitigation and adaptation measures requires changes in policies, technologies and consumption behaviours towards a low-emissions model of growth. These structural changes require appropriate financial solutions, in order to scale up financial flows that support...