The growing complexity and intertwining of different socio-economic issues both in individual countries and internationally mean that single-theme analyses do not consider all the relationships and thus have cognitive limitations. Therefore, studies that combine several research areas are...

The energy transition is a priority for the European Union, both in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The European Union is at the forefront of the fight against climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. This article...

Public financial institutions (PFIs) are well-positioned to act as a key leverage point for governments’ efforts to mobilise private investment in low-carbon projects and infrastructure. The study identifies the tools, instruments and approaches used by five PFIs to directly support and...

The circular economy (CE), in which wastes from one activity or process are reused as resources for others, is beginning to take hold as a development strategy. CE models can preserve resources, create jobs, add economic value, minimize waste, and curb greenhouse gas emissions, yet few...

Although traditionally post-Keynesians tackle unemployment issues through the stimulation of aggregate demand, boosting demand indefinitely is no longer possible if we consider environmental constraints. In fact, according to several ecological economists, meeting the environmental targets of...

The European Union has set ambitious goals for both energy efficiency and renewable energy use as part of its strategy to combat climate change. Using a panel data regression model that spans from 2012 to 2021, this study aims to evaluate how energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy...