This paper provides new estimates of Okun’s unemployment-output relationship in euro area countries between 1979 and … characterise the literature and that the responsiveness of output to unemployment is driven by idiosyncratic factors in both euro …

estimate youth unemployment rate sensitivity to output deviations from its potential level. Additionally, we aim to compare … whether men or women have a higher equilibrium unemployment rate when output is at the potential level. Contrary to most … studies on age- and gender-specific Okun’s coefficients, which assume that the effect of output on unemployment is homogenous …

lagged, hump‑shaped reactions of output, employment and unemployment in each of the analysed countries. … between monetary policy, employment, and unemployment. According to the obtained estimates monetary policy shocks invoked …

, focuses onthe impact on supply. We show that risk premium shocks reduce the output level thatmaximizes profit. They also lead … to unemployment surges, as firms are forced to cutcosts when financing becomes expensive or is no longer available. As a … result, allcountries with risk premium shocks saw unemployment surge, even as euro area corecountries managed to contain …

In the long history of rising and persistent unemployment in Europe almost all institutions – employment protection … legislation, unions, wages, wage structure, unemployment insurance, etc. – have been alleged and found guilty to have caused this … identified as more plausible causes for rising equilibrium unemployment in Europe. Monetary policy has managed to be regarded as …

capital-output ratio. Cross-country differences of TFP in turn are associated with differences in human capital, governance …

' performance indicators were used, such as agricultural output, production of agriculture goods and services, vegetable and …