Cattaneo, Cristina; Fiorio, Carlo V.; Peri, Giovanni - In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies 2 (2013), pp. 1-26
also use the 1991 distribution of immigrants by nationality across European labor markets to construct a version of the … enclave-based instrument to proxy for the flow of immigrants, that is exogenous to local demand shocks. We find that native … Europeans are more likely to upgrade to more skilled and better paid occupations, when a larger number of immigrants enter their …