What is a good balance between competition and coordination in network industries? Network unbundling aims to promote … competition, but this has to be balanced against the downside of unbundling: firm-internal coordination falls away and must be … underlined with lessons from (European) electricity and railways. …

emphasized for this purpose is the restructuring of the rail sectors of member countries through the creation of competition for … degree to which increased rail competition has been associated with increases in rail's modal share, and more broadly to … shortages in infrastructure capacity than to a lack of competition among TOC's. This suggests that other "models" of railway …