This paper tests whether and how two education policies: (i) increasing the length of compulsory education and (ii … construct a novel data base that includes information on education reforms for thirty-one countries spanning four decades … education reduces the number of emigrants by almost 10%. Increasing the length of compulsory education shifts educational …

health status across Europe. Variations in HLE, however, do not necessarily reflect underlying differences in health and … mortality levels among countries and are particularly sensitive when broken down by population subgroups. For instance, despite … on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and mortality data from the Eurostat database. We then quantify the magnitude …

isolation index and mortality, which is much stronger in Eastern countries. While all of our pooled countries estimates ranged … between a 20 to 30% increase in the mortality hazard for the socially isolated, that number jumps to 45% for the Eastern … observe. Up to 13 percent of the effect of baseline social isolation on mortality can be imputed to the combined one …

equality. The analysis employs the gender disparity index (GDI), which encompasses life expectancy, education, and income …