This article provides a review of literature on African Agency and the drivers of change within EU–African trade politics in negotiations on Economic Partnership Agreements between the European Union and African governments.

Fiscally undisciplined and divergent, West African countries are in transition for establishing a monetary union that must be effective by 2020 with the introduction of a single currency named "ECO". From the economic literature, it is argued that business cycles desynchronization is...

This paper uses the gravity model to estimate the intensity of trade creation and trade diversion in COMESA, ECCAS and ECOWAS. Using annual data for the years 1991-8, we find that the intensity of trade creation or diversion varies from region to region and from period to period. The empirical...

This paper investigates bilateral trade flows and the level of openness across ECOWAS-15 nations for the period of 1981-2013 using Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). Comparing the results, the...

The idea of Regional integration can be traceable to the evolvement of the international trade relations in the post-war period, linked regionalism, while regionalism itself can be understood through two different historical perspectives. The first occurred in 1951 and1957 with European Coal and...