This study introduces a new dataset of bilateral value added trade costs for the goods and services sectors, based on a … to calculate value added trade costs for a set of developed and developing economies, both for the goods and services … sectors. Overall, we find that, in the goods sector and in absolute term, international trade costs calculated using value …

digitalization is inevitable to avoid trade diversion in an increasingly competitive globalized world. There are opportunities for …Transaction costs create inefficiencies in agricultural markets, and poor trade digitalization lowers agrifood … productivity of developing countries. This paper argues that trade facilitation via digitalization cuts transaction costs thereby …

International offset certificates trade at lower prices than European Union Allowances (EUAs), although they are … profits. While most of the literature on emissions trading evaluates the efficiency of regulation in a frictionless world, in … participation in the EU ETS in general, rather than additional participation in the offset trade. …

doing so. Following the New Trade Theory we consider three types of adjustment: firm selection, changes in product varieties … to exchange rate volatility. We find the euro has a strong pro-trade effect in Slovakia, which switched to the euro from … that the gains from trade were heterogeneous across firm characteristics. …

participants with larger allocations. Trading costs were not significant and, hence, not trade inhibitive. Other factors, self …-sufficiency in compliance and low allowance prices, played a major role in the decision whether to trade or not during this phase …

International offset certificates trade at lower prices than European Union Allowances (EUAs), although they are … frictionless world, in practice firms incur costs when complying with regulation. In order to assess the relevance of managerial … transaction costs stems from participation in the EU ETS in general, rather than additional participation in the offset trade …