expenditures. On the other hand, regulation distorts incentives to invest in pharmaceutical R&D. This study aims at empirically … assessing the impact of regulation on pharmaceutical R&D expenditures. Methods: We analyze a sample of 20 leading pharmaceutical … companies between 2000 and 2008. The share of sales in Europe serves as a proxy for the degree of pharmaceutical regulation. We …

public expenditure, limiting financial exposure of patients, improving access to pharmaceuticals, and stimulating competition …

manufacturer) on pharmaceutical regulation in a North-South framework with a firm's endogenous decision to export to the South … via reimbursement limits. Parallel trade may relax regulation in the source country of parallel imports (South) and … intensify regulation in the destination country (North): In the source country, parallel trade may relax regulation both under a …

public expenditure, limiting financial exposure of patients, improving access to pharmaceuticals, and stimulating competition …

Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Regulatory and Nonregulatory Approaches -- Current Findings -- Regulatory Options …

. -- pharmaceutical innovation ; regulation ; adoption ; duration analysis …