The dynamics of Austria's economic relations with the EU Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine - and with Russia have deviated from those of the EU in several important ways. During the decade preceding the war in Ukraine, Austrian trade...

Mit dem Warentransport sind zahlreiche negative externe Effekte verbunden. Aufgrund eines Marktversagens werden zu viele Güter über weite Strecken transportiert. Maßnahmen zur Internalisierung, wie die Einführung von Auflagen, Verboten sowie Steuern, Abgaben und handelbaren Zertifikaten,...

The creation of uniform, legally binding norms and standards is an essential basis for the functioning of the EU single market, which at the same time is increasingly spread beyond the EU's borders through international trade relations. The shaping of global standards and regulations according...