The article discusses proposals and the foundations for necessity of common system for monitoring cross-border transfer of contaminated water in the Black Sea installation. It is corresponding with Directive UN maritime strategy for the sea shelf. The task of developing a program of monitoring...

The global freshwater crisis has prompted the development of innovative methods to assess the sustainability of water resources around the world. In the last decade, the concept of water sustainability has evolved, giving rise to a more advanced measure of societies’ capacity to safeguard...

This paper examines the interaction between fiscal policy and the broader macroeconomic context in open economies. It asks two questions. First, what was the relationship between fiscal policy and current account balances in countries in Europe and Central Asia during the past dozen years?...

The authors present a new database of minimum distance road routes connecting 138 cities in 27 countries across Europe and Central Asia. They use it to show that improved road network quality is robustly associated with higher intraregional trade flows. Gravity model simulations suggest that an...