and increasing competition in many sectors, such as telecommunications, utilities, and transport. The timing and extent of …

product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding … with step-by-step innovation models predicting that product market competition enhances innovation and, more importantly …, that patent protection can complement competition in inducing innovation …

such as innovation. This question arises because competition authorities are intervening in horizontal mergers that are … found to give rise to a “significant impediment to effective innovation competition” (“SIEIC”) as a result of a reduction in … impede effective competition as regards innovation both in innovation spaces where the Parties' lines of research and early …

product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding … with step-by-step innovation models predicting that product market competition enhances innovation and, more importantly …, that patent protection can complement competition in inducing innovation …