ticketing). Competition on the markets for railway transport services requires non-discriminatory access to the railway … infrastructures. As well the horizontal interoperability between national railway networks is a prerequisite that full competition on … Commission intends to remove the obstacles to fair competition that have been identified since 2001. In this context, the paper …

What is a good balance between competition and coordination in network industries? Network unbundling aims to promote … competition, but this has to be balanced against the downside of unbundling: firm-internal coordination falls away and must be …