The Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) used by the Council of the European Union developed to a high degree of complexity from one modifying treaty to another, until the latest definition stipulated in the Treaty of Lisbon. This paper analyses this EU intra-institutional voting method using a...

This article develops an empirical measure of electoral availability, i.e., the micro perspective of political competition. As existing research conceptualizes political competition mainly as a macro- or party-level phenomenon, the micro perspective remains underdeveloped and, therefore, an...

This paper examines the relationship between countries' electoral systems and their policies of support for the agricultural sector. In particular, we are interested in whether majoritarian systems, which would tend to favor specific geographic districts, are more likely to protect agriculture,...