Canada is in the midst of developing three new core payment systems: Lynx, Settlement Optimization Engine (SOE) and … Real-Time Rail (RTR). Lynx and SOE will replace the current Large Value Transfer System (LVTS) and Automated Clearing …

cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area … that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment system as a whole. Previous estimates of … the value of cash usage by households in the euro area date from 2008. Since then some central banks have carried out …

We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a … panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and … opportunity costs, we concentrate on cashless payments media as substitutes to cash payments and the role of the shadow economy …

- wide access to cash is fundamentally important for a healthy economy. In this study, three main research areas were …' payment choices; 3. underlying factors for holding cash in a wallet (i.e. for transactional purposes). Regression results for … income and education, or lower level of cash income are more likely to prefer and actually use electronic payment methods …

central bank balance sheets. We analyze the experience in seven advanced economies (Australia, Canada, Euro area, New Zealand …, Sweden, UK and US)--documenting different strategies and the substantive reduction in central bank balance sheets that has …

cash by households. This paper presents an estimation of the number and value of cash transactions in all 19 euro area … that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the cash cycle and the payment system as a whole. Previous estimates of … the value of cash usage by households in the euro area date from 2008. Since then some central banks have carried out …

The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even …

€2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution … method of determining the demand for this denomination. Given the overall weakness in the growth of the cash held for …. Due to the inadequate data availability, the cash balance held for domestic transactions by sector cannot be fully …